Electro Therapy

Electrical Modalities in Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy employs various electrical modalities to alleviate pain, reduce muscle spasms, and accelerate the healing process. These treatments are tailored to target specific conditions and enhance recovery effectively.

1. Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) (15 Minutes)

Short Wave Diathermy delivers deep heat using a frequency of 27.12 MHz, making it ideal for treating deeply placed structures like the hip or shoulder joints. It reduces inflammation, chronic pain, and muscle stiffness while promoting tissue relaxation. This modality is especially effective for conditions like trauma and bacterial infections, such as abscesses and carbuncles. By accelerating healing, it enhances the recovery process and improves functionality.

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    2. Interferential Therapy (IFT) (15 Minutes)

    Interferential Therapy utilizes two medium-frequency currents to produce a therapeutic low-frequency effect in targeted tissues. It effectively reduces both acute and chronic pain while stimulating muscle activity to alleviate swelling and promote recovery. IFT also enhances the body’s natural healing processes by improving circulation and tissue response. This modality is commonly used to restore function in areas with inflammation or nerve-related pain.

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    3. Ultrasound Therapy (10 Minutes)

    Ultrasound therapy employs sound waves at therapeutic frequencies (1 MHz or 3 MHz) to create a micro-massage effect at the cellular level. It is particularly beneficial for treating acute injuries, chronic swelling, and stiff joints, including small joints like fingers and toes. The therapy enhances the pliability of scar tissue and accelerates tissue repair. Additionally, it reduces pain, inflammation, and stiffness, improving mobility and healing rates.

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    4. Moist Heat Therapy (20-25 Minutes)

    Moist heat therapy uses silicate gel packs heated in water to provide deep, penetrating warmth to targeted areas. It increases blood supply, relaxes muscles, and reduces spasms, aiding in chronic pain management. The moist heat contours to the body, enhancing muscle elongation and relaxation at different tissue depths. This therapy is particularly effective in relieving stiffness and improving the flexibility of muscles and joints.

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    5. Electrical Stimulation (20 Minutes)

    Electrical stimulation uses Faradic and Galvanic currents to strengthen and re-educate muscles and nerves post-injury or surgery. Faradic currents stimulate muscle contractions, aiding in recovery and improving muscle action. Galvanic currents are applied to damaged or denervated muscles to restore contractility and elasticity. This therapy is effective for conditions like Bell’s palsy, limb edema, and muscle paralysis, ensuring functional restoration.

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    6. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (15 Minutes)

    TENS therapy delivers pulsed rectangular waves through surface electrodes to target nerve-related pain. It effectively reduces chronic pain, tingling sensations, and nerve irritation, providing relief for pain syndromes. The treatment also has an acupuncture-like effect, particularly when applied to trigger points. TENS is ideal for managing pain of nerve origin, offering comfort and relaxation during recovery.

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    7. Cold Therapy (Cryotherapy) (20-30 Minutes)

    Cryotherapy involves applying ice or cold packs to extract heat from the body, reducing skin temperature to approximately 10°C. It is highly effective in treating acute pain, swelling, and muscle spasms caused by injuries or inflammation. This therapy also reduces spasticity and accelerates recovery, making it popular among athletes for injury management. By stimulating muscle response, it promotes healing and reduces discomfort.

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    8. Paraffin Wax Therapy (20 Minutes)

    Paraffin wax therapy uses molten wax, maintained at 40-44°C, to provide gentle, conducted heat to extremities. As the wax solidifies, it releases latent heat, penetrating tissues to alleviate pain and stiffness. This therapy increases blood flow, improves joint flexibility, and makes the skin soft and pliable. It is particularly effective in treating chronic joint stiffness and accelerating tissue healing.

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    9. Traction Therapy (15 Minutes)

    Traction therapy applies mechanical force to stretch joints and surrounding soft tissues, relieving pressure and discomfort. It reduces spinal nerve compression, numbness, and radiating pain in the arms, hands, and legs. This therapy also improves joint space, enhances range of motion, and decreases stress on spinal structures. Traction is beneficial for managing muscle spasms and adhesions in the cervical and lumbar spine.

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